Wildlife of Borneo

Bornean keeled pit viper

Tropidolaemus subannulatus

This arboreal pit viper is documented in Punggualas. Documented Central Kalimantan records come from Punggualas, Sebangau National Park.

Least concern
Species details & taxonomy
Species
Tropidolaemus subannulatus
Genus
Tropidolaemus
Family
Viperidae
Order
Squamata
Class
Reptilia
Bornean keeled pit viper (Tropidolaemus subannulatus).
Bornean keeled pit viper (Tropidolaemus subannulatus).James Jolokia (james1203) · Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 4.0 · Original

Recognition

This arboreal pit viper is documented in Punggualas.

Sources & references · 2Universitas Palangka Raya · Maulidi et al. (2020), Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna in Punggualas, Sebangau National Parkreptile-database.reptarium.cz · Bornean keeled pit viper: natural history

Daily life

Males, juveniles and adult females differ in their patterns and coloring. Its range also includes islands outside Borneo. It is venomous and must be observed without approaching or handling it.

Sources & references · 2Universitas Palangka Raya · Maulidi et al. (2020), Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna in Punggualas, Sebangau National Parkreptile-database.reptarium.cz · Bornean keeled pit viper: natural history

Range and local records

Published research has documented this species at Punggualas, Sebangau National Park. These observations provide a historical picture of its Bornean forest range.

Sources & references · 1Universitas Palangka Raya · Maulidi et al. (2020), Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna in Punggualas, Sebangau National Park

Forest and water

The linked habitat is the documented Sebangau peat-swamp landscape. Observation dates and locality remain attached to the evidence, so a park-wide abundance or sighting probability is not inferred.

Sources & references · 1Universitas Palangka Raya · Maulidi et al. (2020), Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna in Punggualas, Sebangau National Park

Stillness among the branches

Radio tracking at Kubah followed five snakes in 2019–2020. Branches were their most frequently used supports; horizontal movement was limited, and animals could remain motionless for days or weeks. Dense foliage sometimes hid tracked snakes high in the canopy. Stillness therefore should not be mistaken for absence or inactivity everywhere.

Sources & references · 1Veronica Anak Martin / Universiti Malaysia Sarawak MSc thesis · Spatial Ecology, Thermal Biology and Prey Behaviour of the Bornean Keeled Pit-viper

A strike followed by patient handling

Experiments with four wild-collected females documented prey watching, repositioning, striking, waiting and swallowing. The offered prey were laboratory rats, so the work reveals handling behaviour rather than wild prey proportions. A brief strike is only part of feeding; careful processing continues after capture.

Sources & references · 1Veronica Anak Martin and Indraneil Das / Malayan Nature Journal74:337–346 · Prey-handling in the Bornean Keeled Pit-viper Tropidolaemus subannulatus

More than one kind of forest

The researcher's Bako account describes a strictly tree-dwelling viper with heat-sensitive facial pits. Documented Sarawak localities span sandstone hills, Mulu's alluvial forest and Kota Samarahan peat swamp. These habitat differences show why a single forest label is restrictive. The name Bornean does not imply island endemism.

Sources & references · 1Martin and Das / Bako: Biodiversity Between Land and the Sea, UNIMAS · Bornean Keeled Pit-viper

Where to look

A recorded occurrence does not guarantee a sighting or visitor access. Read the area and experience guides for habitat, responsible observation, guiding and current access before choosing a trip. Keep wildlife at a distance and follow local restrictions.

Places with documented occurrence

Sources & references

Martin and Das / Bako: Biodiversity Between Land and the Sea, UNIMAS · Bornean Keeled Pit-viperAccessed: 2026-10-04

Veronica Anak Martin / Universiti Malaysia Sarawak MSc thesis · Spatial Ecology, Thermal Biology and Prey Behaviour of the Bornean Keeled Pit-viperAccessed: 2026-10-04

Veronica Anak Martin and Indraneil Das / Malayan Nature Journal74:337–346 · Prey-handling in the Bornean Keeled Pit-viper Tropidolaemus subannulatusAccessed: 2026-10-04

Universitas Palangka Raya · Maulidi et al. (2020), Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna in Punggualas, Sebangau National ParkAccessed: 2026-10-01

reptile-database.reptarium.cz · Bornean keeled pit viper: natural historyAccessed: 2026-10-01

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